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Answer 6: One chromosome has 2 strands of DNA in a double helix. But the 2 DNA strands in chromosomes are very, very long. One strand of DNA can be very short – much shorter than even a small chromosome.Luckily, they’re not — in fact, there is on average 6 million differences between any two people’s DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes, half of which come from each parent. There are many different combinations of chromosomes we can inherit.The two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary.
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Is DNA in each chromosome different?
Luckily, they’re not — in fact, there is on average 6 million differences between any two people’s DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes, half of which come from each parent. There are many different combinations of chromosomes we can inherit.
Are the strands of DNA identical or different?
The two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary.
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Do different genes have different DNA sequences?
Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features.
How many DNA strands are in a chromosome?
Each of the chromosomes in the nucleus is made up of two linear DNA strands wrapped around each other. Human cells also contain a small amount of extrachromosomal DNA located in another part of the cell called the mitochondria.
How many DNA does a chromosome have?
In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females.
Are the two strands of DNA molecule the same or different Why?
The sequences of nitrogenous bases on the two strands of a DNA molecule are complementary. The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of a DNA molecule’s double helix matches up in a particular way with the sequence on the other strand. Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.
How is DNA and chromosomes related?
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
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Genes are segments of chromosomes, which are made up of DNA. … they know that some genes contain the code for making multiple proteins.
Why does DNA have 2 strands?
Because the two strands of a DNA molecule have complementary base pairs, the nucleotide sequence of each strand automatically supplies the information needed to produce its partner. If the two strands of a DNA molecule are separated, each can be used as a pattern or template to produce a complementary strand.
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Do all humans have the same DNA?
The human genome is mostly the same in all people. But there are variations across the genome. This genetic variation accounts for about 0.001 percent of each person’s DNA and contributes to differences in appearance and health. People who are closely related have more similar DNA.
Are chromosomes made of DNA?
A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
How is DNA different in different species?
Although each organism’s DNA is unique, all DNA is composed of the same nitrogen-based molecules. So how does DNA differ from organism to organism? It is simply the order in which these smaller molecules are arranged that differs among individuals.
How long is a DNA strand in one chromosome?
| Bibliographic Entry | Result (w/surrounding text) | Standardized Result |
|---|---|---|
| “Cell.” The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: Field Enterprises, 1996. | “On the average, a single human chromosome consists of DNA molecule that is about 2 inches long.” | 2.3 m |
Does one chromosome have one DNA molecule?
Each chromosome is a single molecule of DNA. The illustration below illustrates this by imagining that we have grabbed one end of a chromosome and pulled it out to reveal that it is an extremely long polymer consisting of a double helix.
Does 1 chromosome have 1 DNA molecule?
Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. In replication, the DNA molecule is copied, and the two molecules are known as chromatids. During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudinally to become individual chromosomes.
What is a strand of DNA?
DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T).
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What makes up a strand of DNA?
What is DNA made of? DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating.
What is a strand of DNA called?
DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C with G, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix.
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